Why Was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution a Turning Point

Vietnam War is the American’s longest war. During the war, there were many turning points that influenced on the flaw of it and â€Å"changed its direction†. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution that occurred in August 7, 1964, was one of the major turning points in the United States military involvement into the flow of the Vietnam War.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution a Turning Point? – Essay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The official title of the resolution was The Joint Resolution to Promote the Maintenance of International Peace and Security in Southeast Asia. George Moss (2010) mentions that â€Å"the key language in the 300-word document that granted Johnson the constitutional authority he later used to wage a war in Vietnam† (p. 173). The Resolution was not just another event in the history of the United States, it was really a major turning poi nt because in has a great â€Å"impact on the Ohioans many of whom were members of the armed forces during the Vietnam War. Bealsville, Ohio, lost more people per capita in the Vietnam War than any other community in the United States† (â€Å"Gulf of Tonkin Incident†, 2005). In addition, Resolution also had a historical significance as this allowed the presidents greatly increase the involvement of the U.S. in the South Vietnam and have an â€Å"uncontrolled† interference in the war actions between South and North Vietnam, including the armed forces. The number of American troops there became more than 500,000. This led to enormous losses. More than 55,000 Americans who were engaged in fighting had been killed, as well as thousands of Vietnam people. The events preceding the Resolution were very important. First of all, after the Kennedy’s death, Johnson assumed the presidency and pro-American military leadership replaced the governing of Diem. The year 1 964 was the year of elections and Johnson needed to â€Å"neutralize† Goldwater somehow. So, he stood against the â€Å"Communist threat† in Vietnam. It was announced that two American destroyers, the USS Maddox and the USS Turner Joy, were attacked by the Vietnamese forces, though the United States did not provoke these attacks. But, actually, â€Å"the United States provoked these attacks when they supported South Vietnamese commandos by letting them use American worships to identify North Vietnamese radar stations†. (Moss, 2010, p. 458). These events were named â€Å"the Gulf of Tonkin Incident† that permitted to accept the Resolution that worked as a legal justification of the president’s actions directed on the increasing of the American participation in the war.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The events that were caused by this Resolution also w ere significant. First of all, it convinced American people in the fact that the Congress was confident in Johnson and his poll number quickly rose from 42 to 72 %, moreover, he got an individual power. Later, the Americans realized that they deceived. Cynthia Ann Watson (2002) says that â€Å" The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution has had memorable effect on U. S. national security policy† (p. 170). After the events caused by resolution, many questions aroused about the real course of those events. Many scientists assume that there were no the second attack. Moreover, the outcome of the conflict â€Å"made the Congress less willing to grant wide military power to the executives. (Watson, 2002, p. 170). So, it influenced on the structure of the decision-making process and until G.W. Bush none of the U.S. presidents had a complete and unquestioned support from the Congress. So, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was one of the major turning points in the history of the USA that greatly in fluenced on the flow of the Vietnam War increasing the involvement of the American troops in the war. This Resolution was preceded by important events and it had no less important consequences. References List Gulf of Tonkin Incident. (2005). Ohio History Central, July 1. Retrieved from http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Incident?rec=1598 Moss, G. D. (2010) Vietnam: An American Ordeal. 6th Ed. New York: Pearson Education Inc. Watson, C. A. (2002). U.S. National Security: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution a Turning Point? – Essay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Why Was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution a Turning Point was written and submitted by user Aryan Graham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Anywhere vs. Any Place

Anywhere vs. Any Place Anywhere vs. Any Place Anywhere vs. Any Place By Maeve Maddox A reader asks if there’s a difference between the adverbs anywhere and any place. According to The Chicago Manual of Style, the word anywhere: is preferred when referring to an indefinite location (my keys could be anywhere). But any place (two words) is narrower when you mean â€Å"any location† (they couldn’t find any place to sit down and rest). Here are Web examples that illustrate this use: The missing passenger plane, which the world has been hunting for days, could be anywhere within a 2,530-mile radius. Suitable temperatures can be anywhere in the range of from ambient to the temperature at which the subsequent nanofiltration step is carried.   Are there any pollution-free places left on Earth? Is there any place that will loan me money in the next hour? The Ngram Viewer shows that one-word anyplace has appeared in printed books since 1800, with a marked rise in use since the 1940s. Another two-word adverb, any time, also appears on the Ngram graph as early as 1800 and shows a rise in use about the same time as anyplace. Popular usage prefers formations such as anyplace and anytime to any place and any time. For example, glossaries of texting terms explain that the abbreviation a3 stands for â€Å"anytime, anywhere, anyplace.† American style guides continue to regard the spelling anyplace as nonstandard, but the one-word version is ubiquitous, even in publications assumed to adhere to standard usage: â€Å"Private equity can go anyplace,† Wilbur Ross, who has also invested in businesses once thought off limits, told The New York Times.- NY Times, 2007. The patterns were intriguing and the textures surprising – although the fabrics seemed quite heavy for a springtime anyplace but Alaska.- Washington Post, 2014. Now a junior, Hezekiah has lived in the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity longer than anyplace else in his life.- Christian Science Monitor, 2014. Merriam-Webster lists both anyplace and anytime without comment, and the M-W Learner’s Dictionary gives the following sentences as examples of acceptable usage: I’ll go anyplace you want. I can’t find my keys anyplace. I’m happy here and I wouldn’t want to live anyplace else. In the grand scheme of things, there’s no reason any place shouldn’t be written anyplace and any time as anytime. After all, anywhere was once written as two words. In the practical scheme of formal English, however, the writer whose audience includes readers of all educational levels is still advised to avoid the one-word versions and write any place and any time because these are the forms viewed as conventional usage in the second decade of the 21st century. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†List of Greek Words in the English LanguageUlterior and Alterior

Jesus and the Kingdom of God , The Proofs for the Existence of God Coursework

Jesus and the Kingdom of God , The Proofs for the Existence of God - Coursework Example From these verses, the king (Jesus) ushers in a new rule when he considers the law in the light of the grace that he was giving his followers. In so doing, he helped his followers uphold the integrity and requirement of the law by living up to a higher law, the law of Grace. This resonates with what Romans chapter 8 verse two says about the freedom that the â€Å"higher† law of the Spirit brings. Matthew chapters six and seven deal with man’s relationship with God and man respectively. In this regard, Jesus declares that the life of his follower is bound in a relationship with both God and man (NIV bible). In the light of the discussion of apocalyptism, it is clear that Jesus was both an â€Å"apocalyptic Jesus† and â€Å"the ethical Jesus.† As an ethical Jesus, he commanded his followers to emulate him and teach others to emulate him. This emulation was in action and practice. In Mathew chapters 5 verse 16, he emphasized on the importance of his followers letting their light shine forth for men to see their good works and through that bring glorify to their Father in heaven. As an apocalyptic Jesus, he insisted on the brevity and vanity of the present life and urged his followers to be more concerned with the things of the world to come. This same Jesus went about doing good and healed the sick as he fed the hungry that warned against sin and its eternal implications in leading to eternal damnation on the judgment day. There are many proofs in the webliography that have been presented pertaining to the existence of God. Their nature and angle of argument are varied all with the attempt to prove God. Perhaps the closest that related to proving the existence of God are those dealing with time, contingency and interaction. The reason my inclination is to these theoretical proofs is that their content agrees largely with the scripture. However, the shortcomings of

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care Assignment

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care - Assignment Example Principles of Costing and Business Control Systems May Be Adopted in BUPA The strategy of any company depends on a number of risks and uncertainties. Emphasising this particular concern, BUPA has engaged efficient risk managers who are bestowed with the responsibility to improve the credibility of the organisation in mitigating risks within the business environment. A proper costing requires sources from its stakeholders including the non-financial staff members. In this process, the staff members associated in different fields of operations can also contribute in the accurate computation of effective costing. Thus, staff members from within and outside the finance department must also be engaged, being stakeholders of the company, in order to identify the accuracy and relevancy of costing in the organisation as per the Principle 1 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013 (Monitor, 2013). BUPA must also adopt this approach throughout the organisation in a consistent manner. This approac h will help the organisation to analyze the various accounting method such as cost submission and comparison as per the Principle 2 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013. The costing principle, that is Principle 3, must be very much accurate in terms of its data. BUPA must be conscious of the accuracy of the data such as patient’s data, clinical staff’s performance data and the data of the trial balance or ledger of the organisation. The costing principle of BUPA must be oriented towards the material costs as per the Principle 4 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013. It must focus on the high costs material, accuracy to be required for costing purposes and calculate the expenditure required in the material costs of the organisation. The costing principle must be based on the needs of the patients. In a health care organisation, the needs of the patients must be understood to enable effective costs. This understanding will improve the relation between the health workers and patients and in return create a positive impact on the financial aspect of the organisation following Principle 5 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013. Again as per principle 6 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013, every organisation must adopt a transparent costing system. It provides the organisation with complete assurance and develops the trustworthiness of the resources which will promote the workers with greater service delivery to their patients (Monitor, 2013). 1.2. Main Heads/ Income for BUPA in Last Financial Year The total attributable equity to the holders of the parent company of BUPA Care homes was recorded to be ?333,070,000. The major heads of income for BUPA in the last financial year were the economic capital, operational activities, funding and reserves for financial and taxation expenses. It is worth to be noted in this context that BUPA always maintains a proper capital so that it can be utilised to meet the organisational liabilities in the coming future and thereby preserve the liquidity of the company. Similarly, the other head in the income statement of BUPA can be identified as the funding generated by the company, which signifies the liquidity of BUPA and the availability of funds at any time of requirement. Notably, BUPA prepares its financial statement in accordance with the guidelines prescribed under the International Financial Reporting Standards, which in turn helps to give a true and

It has been suggested that there is a high level of co morbidity Essay

It has been suggested that there is a high level of co morbidity between dyslexia and other specific learning difficulties. Disc - Essay Example The fact that these causes seem to be mainly biological in nature supports the fact that dyslexia is often found to be co-morbid with other learning difficulties that place strain on the individual. These can include, but are not limited to, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, and conduct disorders (Reid, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to explore the conditions that are so often found to be co-morbid with dyslexia in the literature, and how this may affect the dyslexic child. Additionally, the paper will go on to discuss how these co-morbid conditions may affect the treatment or guidance that educators need to give children with dyslexia. What is Dyslexia? Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty that affects one main area of an individual’s progress in education. It is a difficulty in reading that is apparent regardless of the individual’s IQ or their previous instruction in reading (Reid, 2009). Many believe that dyslexia is no t a single condition, but can be used to encompass a wide range of difficulties that individuals may have when it comes to reading (Reid, 2009). ... Again, this can be a sign of other learning difficulties with a broader scope than reading or writing, so care must be taken when diagnosing and teaching these children. There is currently no cure for dyslexia, nor is there any overwhelming consensus about treatment or management (Reid, 2009). There are several programmes in place which are aimed at providing advice to educators who have contact with dyslexic individuals. One of the major important aspects for managing dyslexia is to remove the sources of stress and anxiety (Reid, 2009). These can include pressure from parents, teachers and peers to learn to read and write at the same pace as other children their age, which is evidently not possible for the dyslexic individual. Care must be taken not to add additional stress onto a child when attempting to educate them. Lyytinen et al (2008) suggest that educational styles that focus on visual learning are more effective than a simple focus on oral phonological training. It must be n oted that many management styles for dyslexia differ in their effectiveness for the individual and this must be recognized by those working in close contact with dyslexic individuals. Another interesting factor of dyslexia is that it seems to be highly heritable and therefore must have a genetic component (Scerri & Schulte-Korne, 2010). This may be linked to the co-morbidity that it has with other SpLDs, which are also highly heritable (Scerri & Schulte-Korne, 2010). There are some genetic markers that have been associated with dyslexia, including ROBO1 and DCDC2 (Scerri & Schulte-Korne, 2010). Abnormal codes in these genes is a good predictor of reading disorder. Some studies of dyslexia from a

Child Labor in Philippine

Child Labor in Philippine All people were born with rights. Children are people as well; so, children also have theirs. Their right have been violated from child labor. Child labor is defined as, the employment of a child in a business or industry especially in violation of state or federal statutes prohibiting the employment of children under a specified age. Obviously, child labor has been a big social problem from over the world, mainly the third wrodl countries or developing country such as Philippines. This paper will argue the cases of child laborers, specifically in the city and in provinces of the Philippines. The social problem in Philippines, the government has ways to manage and improve it or not or even made it disappeared or not. It is a known fact that the disadvantages outnumber the advantages of child labor. There are three points, so that it is easier to view the advantages and the disadvantages of the said problem. Having a history background of Philippines which will have understand what is going on better. The purpose of this argument paper is to present the increasing amount of child labor in Philippines and how they were harm. Another would be to discuss the effects of child labor to the family, economy, and to the self. Lastly, the paper will suggest ways to stop or reduce child labor. In the pass industrial background of child labor first appeared with the development of the developing countrys system. In this type of business a dealer bought raw materials to be put out to the homes of worker to be spun, woven, sewn, or handled in some other materials. This allows a division of labor and a level of specialization among different types of people. Products are paid by pieces, and children were commonly used at whatever task they could perform. In England and North America, this system was important from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century and is still being seen up to the present in some industries and, in some country including Philippines. (Labor) The kids were forced to beg on the streets and help making money for the professional beggars. The children that are prostitute help trading with the tourist. The girls were used as a servant in a private home and being treated no better than slave. Many children were brought from the dumpsites and put on the street to make money. Children are being use as a runner helping distribute illegal drugs in to the city. The nubile girl working as a striper and night and teenage exposing their skin than necessary on the theater screen. Truly, child labor has many faces. Children performed these can either endangers their health or safety, interferes with their education or prevent them from playing other activities that are important to their development. The children can not really survive. (Heineman, 2001) Most of the children must be kept inside so that they could not be seen by the public. They would mostly be working in factories at night or as prostitutes at night. Cloth factory in Philippine uses child labor to produce goods and export the goods to the United States. (Deshpande, 2008) The reason the number of child labor is increasing because they were taken from other province and were promised with good live. Another is that they were forced to work due to poverty. Since industrious works are more suitable for children than compared to other people who are in the right age to work. Child slave labor is to use the illegal working children below 18 years of age in danger job. Underage children are being forced to do physical labor to help their families mainly due to poverty. About 2.06 million all around the Philippines are forced to do labor, such as in crop plantations, mining caves, rock mining, and factories. Due to the poverty problems that are not being help from the government, the number of child labor will continue increasing. (Deshpande, 2008)Child labor has many health effects in children who are supposed to be in the environment of a classroom rather than walking on the streets and risking every chance, over and over again, to earn money. Although most do get the privilege of education, most end up being dropouts and repeaters because they are not able to focus on their studies. Because of child labor, children suffer from starvation, the ability to grow, and improper health development. (Deshpande, 2008)The problems of child laboring continue to gro w, so the economics of the country will drop rapidly. People with proper education will not get job due to higher salary payment compare to illegal child labor. The cost of child labor is incredibly low comparing to workers with high education. Philippines is a young nation with high percentage number of young people in its overall population. There are up to 22.4 million children ages between five and seventeen. Sixteen percent of the overall population represent working children ages between five and seven, which means that one of every six children work. In the last twelve months, 3.7 million children ages five to seventeen worked. Children from rural area make up 67.1 percent of this number and almost half are between the ages of five and fourteen. These working children are mostly all boys, who account for 65 percent. As far as the locations where these children work, 60 percent perform unpaid family work in their own households, 17.2 percent work in their own homes and 53 perc ent work in family farms. (Group, 2002) The impact of the childrens health is a big problem for some country. The illness and death of family income head family means that the children has to go out and find money. A child that has health problem maybe judge unfairly and their work most of the time affect with their education. Child that believes to be clean from disease maybe put on the street as a prostitute. There is very few information available about the reason of disability on child labor research is deeply needed in this area. However, there is evidence of children being intentionally disabled for use such as begging. Furthermore, it is noticeable that disability can lead to poverty. (Group, 2002) By disabled children can weaken the poverty organization and there are higher risk of treating people unfairly. Anecdotal evidence believed that like women, disabled children are less likely to get equal pay for equal work. Most of the work for children is and dangerous job that require the risk of their health daily. If children are disabled from doing work, they would not be getting reward or very less, however their live may have been ruined forever and damage to their life and future. This is why there are increasing risk of people treating unfairly and poverty. The same is true for those who have HIV/AIDS or STIs or are raped at work. Sexually oppressed children is the mainly risk here. Child labor continues to live throughout the world. Children have to work because their survival and that of their families depend on it, and in some cases, because dishonest adults take advantage of their weakness. Child labor is caused from weaknesses in education systems and is deeply rooted in cultural and social attitudes and traditions. The problem is more by the fact that child labor is kept away from public view, making the problem seem less of an important. What can be done about child labor? 1. Prioritize education. It is a fact that the countries with a lot of child labor are worst at education than those that spend more primary education. Primary education should be free, made it important, well-resourced, and located everywhere. It is much easier to keep track on school attendance that to check on factories and workshops. It might make us feel good, but it only helps educate one child, isolating them from others in their community. (Group, 2002)2. Give the jobs of child workers to the adult that is capable of working. This way, the family does not suffer, and indeed should be better off, as adult wages are generally much higher than child wages. (Group, 2002) All in all, child labor can be widely spread in Philippine, but that are more disadvantage of using child labor than advantage. Government has to come in to help set law more stricty. Children labor are get harm both my mental and psychical. They are not able to live in a normal society because of their difference, both from accident or harm to make people feel sorry. All these things can be help if the government gives more attention to education and give jobs to the people that are allegeable to do work and band all the factories or any organization that use child under age.

The Forgotten Years Of Their Eyes :: essays research papers

Although Hurston’s novel Their Eyes Were Watching God is a widely read novel today, that wasn’t always the case. When her novel was first published, many black readers were enraged. It wasn’t until the early seventies when Hurston’s novel was rediscovered and thus eventually brought back into the literary canon. What aspects of the novel enraged the readers so that it would be forgotten for more than thirty years? One of the most important aspects of the novel that enraged the black readers was Hurston’s portrayal of the white people. Readers complained that Hurston wasn’t harsh enough in her critique of the white people’s treatment towards the black people. Rather than portraying whites as the stereotypical â€Å"Simon Legree† of Uncle Tom’s Cabin—the ideal poor, racist â€Å"white trash†Ã¢â‚¬â€most whites that take part in the novel are contrarily very helpful towards the blacks and show great compassion towards them as well. For example, when Janie begins her story we meet the Washburns. These are the white folks for whom Nanny worked for and they are very helpful towards both Nanny and Janie by treating them as if they are part of the family. Contrary to a lot of whites at the time who treated blacks as if they were still slaves, the Washburns treat both Nanny and Janie as human beings rather than slaves, showing great respect and love. In a way they are portrayed as â€Å"angels† who truly believe in human equality and don’t have one bit of prejudice in them. â€Å"Mah grandma raised me. Mah grandma and de white folks she worked wid†¦They was quality white folks up dere in West Florida. Named Washburn. She had four gran’chillun on de place and all of us played together†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (8). Furthermore, by reading Hurston’s novel, one can clearly see that all blacks place the whites on a pedestal of knowledge. According to the blacks of the novel, whites know everything and are always right; they are superior and since blacks are supposed to be ignorant and stupid, they should believe and do everything the whites say. For example, Mrs. Turner states that she trusts only white doctors because black doctors aren’t as educated and skilled as the white doctors. â€Å"Don’t bring me no nigger doctor tuh hang over mah sick-bed†¦White doctors always gits mah money† (135-136). Another example is when the Indians are evacuating the muck because they foresee a big hurricane coming and the blacks don’t evacuate stating that since the whites aren’t evacuating there’s no reason to. The Forgotten Years Of Their Eyes :: essays research papers Although Hurston’s novel Their Eyes Were Watching God is a widely read novel today, that wasn’t always the case. When her novel was first published, many black readers were enraged. It wasn’t until the early seventies when Hurston’s novel was rediscovered and thus eventually brought back into the literary canon. What aspects of the novel enraged the readers so that it would be forgotten for more than thirty years? One of the most important aspects of the novel that enraged the black readers was Hurston’s portrayal of the white people. Readers complained that Hurston wasn’t harsh enough in her critique of the white people’s treatment towards the black people. Rather than portraying whites as the stereotypical â€Å"Simon Legree† of Uncle Tom’s Cabin—the ideal poor, racist â€Å"white trash†Ã¢â‚¬â€most whites that take part in the novel are contrarily very helpful towards the blacks and show great compassion towards them as well. For example, when Janie begins her story we meet the Washburns. These are the white folks for whom Nanny worked for and they are very helpful towards both Nanny and Janie by treating them as if they are part of the family. Contrary to a lot of whites at the time who treated blacks as if they were still slaves, the Washburns treat both Nanny and Janie as human beings rather than slaves, showing great respect and love. In a way they are portrayed as â€Å"angels† who truly believe in human equality and don’t have one bit of prejudice in them. â€Å"Mah grandma raised me. Mah grandma and de white folks she worked wid†¦They was quality white folks up dere in West Florida. Named Washburn. She had four gran’chillun on de place and all of us played together†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (8). Furthermore, by reading Hurston’s novel, one can clearly see that all blacks place the whites on a pedestal of knowledge. According to the blacks of the novel, whites know everything and are always right; they are superior and since blacks are supposed to be ignorant and stupid, they should believe and do everything the whites say. For example, Mrs. Turner states that she trusts only white doctors because black doctors aren’t as educated and skilled as the white doctors. â€Å"Don’t bring me no nigger doctor tuh hang over mah sick-bed†¦White doctors always gits mah money† (135-136). Another example is when the Indians are evacuating the muck because they foresee a big hurricane coming and the blacks don’t evacuate stating that since the whites aren’t evacuating there’s no reason to.

Standard Operating Procedure (Sop)

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) A Standard Operating Procedure is a document which describes the regularly recurring operations relevant to the quality of the investigation. The purpose of a SOP is to carry out the operations correctly and always in the same manner. A SOP should be available at the place where the work is done. A SOP is a compulsory instruction. If deviations from this instruction are allowed, the conditions for these should be documented including who can give permission for this and what exactly the complete procedure will be.The original should rest at a secure place while working copies should be authenticated with stamps and/or signatures of authorized persons. In the case of Delima Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. There should be several SOP which is: 1. An authorization a. En. Zayed should be the one who control decision on planning of the company while Pn. Hashimah could control decision on financial of the company. b. There should be one person who authorize each dep artment and have one assistant. c.The company could hire someone with more experience to guide Cik Amy. 2. Record Bookeeping a. All the documents of transaction happened must have another copy for other departments. b. All the copies & documents must be properly kept and numbered. 3. Internal Control a. Pn. Hashimah must concentrate on financial control and segregate other duties to someone else. b. Install new punch card system. c. Send all staff to the training. d. Recruitment and hire an experience person.

The secrets to writing effective subheadings

The secrets to writing effective subheadings The secrets of effective subheadings Its easy to treat subheadings as a token afterthought once youve gone through the hard work of actually writing your document. But its worth paying more attention to them than that. They can be an effective tool in drawing your reader in to your full text or helping them find your most important points. Watch the video to find out how: Cant watch the video now? Heres the transcript: Guide the way with subheading signposts You know how it is. Youve written your document. Now you want people to read it (or what was the point?). You probably know no one wants to look at a big block of text, so you break it up. Good start. But thats not enough, is it? No, you also need signposts – like subheadings. Well, that looks better already. And subheadings dont just help your writing look good and your documents more inviting. They can work much harder than that. More on that in a minute. But first, a word of warning. Far too often, people write subheadings like these: Background Our experience Recommendations Background: What does that tell you about whats coming? Not much. Our experience: Is that specific? Not really. Recommendations: Are you engaged by this? Do you want to follow these signposts? Probably not. If youre trying to find your way in the world, a signpost will be no help at all if it doesnt actually tell you what its pointing to. And, just like signposts youd follow to get somewhere, your subheadings have to be specific. They have to tell your reader exactly whats ahead, to help them get where they need to go. Even better if your subheading signposts make the reader want to go there. For example: Background âžÅ"
What you told us Our experience âžÅ"
40 years in the business Recommmendations
âžÅ" How well meet your aims So, what techniques can you use to inspire subheadings that not only draw your reader in but also lead them through your document? Well, remember: well-written subheadings can make your reader want to dive in. So try some of these techniques. Direct Interest Verbs Evoke curiosity with a question Insight (to expand on) Numbers Play on words (if appropriate) Short (ish) Make sure your subheadings are direct and to the point. Corporation tax rate reduced Say something that will be of interest to the reader. How to expand our customer base Try using verbs – remember, those are the ‘doing’ and ‘being’ words. Doing so sounds dynamic and might even encourage action in some cases. Industry achieves positive change Evoke curiosity with a question. Ready for the low-carbon future? Give an insight that you’ll expand on in the following section. Real estate to outperform Try including a number – a technique often used online, which lets your reader know exactly how much information to expect. Five ways to combat climate change And theres a PS You can use a play on words – but only if you think it’s appropriate to the tone of your document and the intended reader. Face the storm with catastrophe bonds And finally: remember to keep your subheadings shortish. They should be long enough to be meaningful but short enough to be understood and absorbed quickly. So, try some of these techniques for signposting your next document and see how far it takes you. To sum up Remember, the best subheadings will read like an overview of your document – but they should also be compelling enough to encourage readers to dive in to the main copy. If you write online content, like blog posts, remember that website visitors do tend to skim-read a page before deciding whether to stay on it. The right subheadings could help tip the balance in your favour. Help your readers navigate In an ideal world, your documents and emails would never be skim-read. But, realistically, some of your time-pressed colleagues or clients will have to do just that. In which case, well-chosen subheadings will at least give them a summary and help them quickly find the most relevant parts. Find your route Subheadings can also help you with your writing process: try coming up with them as part of the planning stage before you write the body of the document, when youre deciding the structure. Or, if you prefer, you could read through the summary your subheads make after youve finished the document to double-check its structure: did you pick the best route? You can then adjust the order if necessary (but dont forget to make sure the text still flows logically). Keep it appropriate Just like anything else you write, judge the suitability of your subheadings against the tone of the document and what you know about the reader. This post is an extract from a lesson in our online-learning programme, Emphasis 360, which is designed to transform your writing step by step, in practical, bite-sized lessons. You can try it out for free here.

Kyoto Protocol essays

Kyoto Protocol essays There is a consensus among the scientific community that increases in greenhouse gas emissions will affect climate. Considerable uncertainty, however, exists with regard to the magnitude of the effect, its timing, and its regional pattern. In addition, there is great uncertainty about changes in climate variability and regional impacts (Ha-Duong et al.,). In order to understand the underlying principles of potential climatic change, we must discuss what the greenhouse effect is, the nature of the gases to be controlled, and the effects this will have on the climate, if the controls are implemented. We will also look at human activities that may contribute to increased atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases and their effects on climate change. Then, we will look at the impacts that global warming may have on Earths climate and consider possible immediate and long-term solutions. Finally, international cooperation for the control of greenhouse gas emissions will be addressed, wit h particular attention given to the most recent convention, the Kyoto Protocol. The greenhouse effect is the natural phenomenon that contributes to the Earths annual temperature having a global mean value of approximately 15C (Botkin et al., 1995). Without any greenhouse effect, the Earth would be 33C cooler than it is now (Minister of the Environment, 1994). The process involves incoming solar radiation from the sun that warms the Earth. Little of this solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere, as the greenhouse gases allow most sunlight to pass. The heated Earth emits longwave radiation back to the atmosphere, in which the greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour, are absorbed. These gases act like a blanket for the Earth, trapping more heat than light (Botkin et al., 1995). Does this mean that the measurably increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere over the last century will cause...

Domestic terrorism and international terrorism Essay

Domestic terrorism and international terrorism - Essay Example These are their major source of finance to their activities. Internet has enhanced the occurrence of domestic terrorism, the internet has become a source of information enhancing the occurrence of identity theft which is used by terrorist group to engage in their criminal activities, information collected include individuals information, bank credit information and credit card information. The internet has also been used to lure innocent citizens into frauds where individuals are asked to pay for certain services or goods and as a result they are fraud off their money. The intervention which includes monitoring activities in the web by the authorities will be an effective way to counter terrorism. However this may result into leaking of organisations information that may lead to losses by these organisations. When there exists a monitoring device in the internet then there will be leaking of company information to its competitors or even to speculators which may lead to loss of funds. Therefore the best way to strike a balance is to monitor only suspicious information on the web mostly from regions that are suspected to have terrorist groups, there exist such monitoring systems but they were banned by the US government but the best would be to install a system that tracks conversations that include key words used by the terrorist groups. Organisational information therefore should not be monitored to avoid financial losses as a result of information leak. Therefore the federal should be empowered to monitor information regarding suspicious groups and not for the organisations. Funding of domestic terrorism Terrorist groups will involve themselves in criminal activities to fund their operations, they have an advantage in involving in criminal activity in that they gain finances and at the same time they endanger the societies that they target through these activities. The other reason is that the criminal activities the terrorist involve in are hard for the judicial system to solve and prove. Some of the criminal activities that terrorist will engage in include: Drug trafficking: Drug trafficking is an activity that the terrorist involve in order to finance their activities, initially the terrorist groups were funded by the soviet union but after its collapse drug trafficking become a major source of finance. Identity theft: Identity theft is one of the most recent means in which terrorist use to finance their activities, this has emerged with the emergence of the internet and computer software which have made it easier to retrieve peoples information, and this has enabled the terrorist to steal people's identity which have resulted to financial scams which provide finances to the terrorist groups. Cigarette smuggling This is also a means by which terrorist groups will use in gaining finances, cigarettes are smuggled from low tax regions to regions whereby individuals will buy large quantities of cigarettes

Wind farme Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wind farme - Assignment Example he farm, mean annual wind speed at elevation, turbine power curve, rated power capacity, investment required, operation and maintenance cost (O&M)/ year, durability and useful life. Covering the wind profile, total annual energy output per turbine, total energy output, capacity factor, uptime percentage, average annual cost, value of electricity, annual O&M cost, annual inflation rate Based on wind maps, the mean annual wind speed can be determined. In fertile areas, quite prominent for energy harvesting; 100 meter Mean Annual Wind Speed Map, 70 meter Mean Annual Wind ... Mean Annual Power Density Map; 30 meter Mean Annual Power Density Map. To illustrate, a basic analysis of the Buckeye Wind Farm, comprised of 54 wind turbines planned for Champaign County, Ohio. The wind maps provided by the Ohio Power Sitting Board indicate that the mean annual wind speed in the area of the wind farm is approximately 7.5 m/s. Based on this, the analysis indicates a non-existent ROI because the wind turbines do not produce enough reliable electricity to pay for the investment required within a reasonable amount of time. In short, the annual expectation of 439,852 MWh of electrical energy generated does not generate enough revenue at regular average rates to overcome the O&M costs and pay back the $380 million investment within an anticipated 20 year lifespan of the turbines. It can therefore be expected that government grants and subsidies will have to be used to offset the losses, and that the cost of electricity will have to be increased. The simple economic analysis does not account for the cost that will be incurred to maintain and operate a traditional back-up system for generating power when the wind is not blowing adequately, and for the added cost and inefficiency of cycling this back-up system on and off to balance the supply load against the variability of the wind generated power. The lowest wind conditions and the lowest power output will occur in the summer, when